The production of electric guitars in USSR started in Leningrad by the end of the '60 with the introduction of Tonika, arguably the worst electric guitar in existence. In a couple of years the design was improved and in the 70's the production moved to Sverdlovsk ("Ural"), Rostov ("Kavkaz") and Ordjonikidze ("Kavkaz"). After discontinuing Tonika each of the plants developed a few of their own models which were made for years untill the desintegration of USSR. Several additional plants were converted to electric guitar production, and by the beginning of the '80-s there were at least 10 factories with electric guitar production line in addition to their main profile (keyboards, acoustic instruments, electronics etc.)

The known (to CG) electric guitar manufacturers were:
1. Lunacharsky factory of Folk Musical Instruments, Leningrad. [Russia]
2. Moscow Experimental Factory of Musical Instruments. [Russia]
3. Sverdlovsk factory of keyboard musical instruments "Ural" [Russia]
4. "Kavkaz" - Rostov-on-Don factory of keyboard instruments. [Russia]
5. "Kavkaz" - Ordjonikidze factory of musical instruments. [Russia]
6. Elta, Eletz [Russia]
7. Belorussian factory of musical instruments, Borisov. [Belorussia]
8. Lvov experimental factory of folk musical instruments. [Ukraine]
9. Odessa factory of musical instruments [Ukraine]
10. Erevan factory [Armenia].





Pictures of Russian kids proudly showing Soviet axes, taken from kobzer.narod.ru
The 12-string is unidentified.